Effect of the Application of Chlorella Vulgaris Ointment to the Number of Fibroblast Cells as an Indicator of Wound Healing in the Soft Tissue of Pig Ears

Abstract Objective: To analyze the clinical and histological condition of Chlorella vulgaris ointment extract smearing on wound healing. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 9 pigs by making 4 incisions on the pig's right ear measuring 2cm x 1cm and applying Chlorella vulgaris ointment in 3 concentrations namely 5%, 10%, 15% and without ointment application as the control group. Furthermore, the observation of the clinical condition of wounds divided into 4 time periods (day 1, 3, 7 and 14). After completing clinical observations based on time period, the skin of the pig's ear was taken by cutting in the area that had been made injured. Skin tissue extraction carried out under inhalation and local anesthesia. The tissue pieces are then processed in the anatomical pathology laboratory to become 36 slide preparations. The clinical trial assessment was done using parameters of wound moisture, color of wound and scab wound. Whereas for histological examination was done by looking at the number of fibroblast cells in the CX31 light microscope with 40x magnification. ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests were used. Results: In the clinical observation conditions there were significant differences between the treatment group and the control group as well as the number of fibroblast cells there were significant differences between the 3 concentrations of Chlorella vulgaris extract ointment and the per time period control group. Conclusion: Chlorella vulgaris extract ointment containing 15% extract gives the best results in accelerating the wound healing process in the pig's ear seen from wound healing and increased number of fibroblast cells.

Histometry Analysis of Osteoclasts, Osteoblasts and Fibroblasts in Immediate Placement Implants with Addition of Aloe Vera Extract

Objective: To analyze the effect of immediate placement of implants with extract from the new bone formation histometically. Material and Methods: In this true-experimental design with randomized post test control group, 9 mongrel dogs weighing 10 to 12 kg were used, which were divided into 3 groups, based on observation time of 14 days, 28 days and 56 days. On the installation of implants (∅3.5x10 mm) sequentially, the former socket extraction of the lower jaw's right second premolar tooth in the study sample injected 10% Aloe vera gel extract and left second left premolar tooth without injection of 10% Aloe vera extract. To compare independent groups use the Mann-Whitney test. All analysis were carried out using SPSS version 20. Results: There was an increase in the number of osteoblast cells in both treatment and control groups, but the value of the treatment group was greater. There were significant differences in the number of osteoblast cells between the treatment and control groups 14 days (p=0.019), 28 days: (p=0.018), and 56 days (p=0.009). There were no significant differences in the number of fibroblast cells between the treatment and control groups (p>0.05). But at observations 28 and 56 days, it was showed a significant difference in the number of fibroblast cells between the treatment and control groups (p=0.353 and p=0.024, respectively). Conclusion: Immediate placement of implants with 10% Aloe vera extract gel on extracted socket increases the number of osteoblasts and suppresses the number of osteoclasts and fibroblasts.

Effectiveness of Roselle Effervescent Tablets as Traditional Medicinal Plants in preventing Growth of Candida albicans Colonies and Streptococcus mutans.

AIM: To analyze the effectiveness of roselle effervescent tablets inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans colonies on acrylic resin plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 90 plates of acrylic resin with S. mutans and C. albicans suspensions were divided into three groups of immersion: The first group was soaked in a solution of roselle effervescent tablets 10%, the second group soaked in solution of sodium perborate effervescent tablets, and the third group soaked in a solution of pure effervescent tablets each with an interval of 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The number of colonies of S. mutans and C. albicans was calculated before and after immersion to determine the effectiveness of effervescent tablets. Data were analyzed using t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: The roselle effervescent tablets 10% showed a significant difference before and after immersion, thus inhibiting the growth of S. mutans and C. albicans colonies (p < 0.05). Roselle effervescent tablets 10% in immersion time 5, 10, and 15 minutes did not show any significant difference. The effectiveness of roselle effervescent tablets 10% did not show any significant differences with sodium perborate effervescent tablets. CONCLUSION: Roselle effervescent tablets are effective in preventing S. mutans and C. albicans colonies like effectiveness with sodium perborate effervescent tablets. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Roselle effervescent tablets 10% are effective in inhibiting the S. mutans and C. albicans colonies with immersion time of 5 minutes and have the same effectiveness with sodium perborate effervescent tablets.

Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) Analysis of Calcium and Phosphor Minerals Elements on Bone After Insertion Immediate Implant on Socket Filled with Extract Aloe vera

Objective: To examine the effect of aloe vera that containing bioactive materials on the levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) minerals and their ratios around the immediate implanted in alveolar bone. Material and Methods: Research method by conducting experimental test on experimental animals: 9 male mongrel dogs are divided into 3 groups each 3 tails. In each animal was pulled the second premolar teeth on right side and left side, and immediately inserted titanium implant (3mm x 10mm diameter) after the socket filled with 10% aloevera extract on the right side and control on the left side. Analysis of calcium and phosphorus minerals content formed by examination of Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) on Scanning Electron Microscope on implant and around bone tissue was done on days 14, 28 and 56. The result of statistical analysis using repeated ANOVA with independent t test. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: There was a significant difference on calcium level between control and treatment groups on days 14, 28 and 56 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference on phosphorus level between control and treatment groups (p>0.05). The ratio of Ca / P in both control and treatment groups was also significantly different in every observation day (p<0.05). Conclusion: The addition of aloe vera extract that containing bioactive materials has an effect on increasing levels of mineral elements calcium and calciumphosphorus ratio after immediate implant insertion.